Leaf epidermal micromorphology of the abaxial surface of Myrcia DC. species (Myrtaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70782/heringeriana.v19ib.918065Palavras-chave:
Anatomia, Myrteae, estômatos, tricomas, cutículaResumo
Myrtaceae is widely distributed in tropical regions, playing significant ecological and economic roles. Within this family, Myrcia stands out for its taxonomic complexity due to high morphological homogeneity, which complicates the identification of species and sections. This study aims to analyze and describe micromorphological characteristics of Myrcia leaves to contribute to the characterization of the genus and its infrageneric groups, as well as to generate data to support future taxonomic studies. The abaxial surface of leaves from 73 Myrcia species was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristics of stomata, cuticle, epicuticular waxes, and trichomes were observed. Stomata, classified as anomocytic and paracytic, showed variations in height relative to epidermal cells. The cuticle exhibited smooth and striated patterns, while epicuticular waxes ranged from smooth to plate-like, fimbriate, and granular. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes, the latter with uniseriate, dibrachiate, stellate, and branched forms, were documented, revealing wide variation in density, distribution and length. None of the analyzed characters distinctly defined the ten infrageneric groups of Myrcia due to high plasticity. However, some patterns were observed, such as the predominance of dibrachiate trichomes in M. sects. Calyptranthes and Sympodiomyrcia. This study provides valuable new data for the taxonomy of Myrcia and future micromorphological research.
Referências
Al-Edany, T. & Al-Saadi, S. (2012) Taxonomic Significance of Anatomical Characters in Some Species of the Family Myrtaceae. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 572-581. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2012.35069.
Amorim, B.S.; Vasconcelos, T.N.C.; Souza, G.; Alves, M.; Antonelli, A.; Lucas, E. (2019) Advanced understanding of phylogenetic relationships, morphological evolution and biogeographic history of the mega-diverse plant genus Myrcia and its relatives (Myrtaceae: Myrteae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 138: 65-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.014.
Apezzato-da-Glória, B. & Carmello-Guerreiro, S.M. (2006) Anatomia Vegetal. 2ed. Viçosa: Editora UFV, 438 pp.
Bandulska, H. (1931) On the Cuticles of some Recent and Fossil Myrtaceæ, Linnean Society of London Zoology Transactions, 48(325): 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1931.tb00598.x Barthlott, W.; Neinhuis, C.; Cutler, D.; Ditsch, F.; Meusel, I.; Theisen, I; Wilhelmi, H. (1998) Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 126(3): 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02529.x
Boeger, M.R.T. & Wisniewski, C. (2003) Comparação da morfologia foliar de espécies arbóreas de três estádios sucessionais distintos de floresta ombrófila densa (Floresta Atlântica) no Sul do Brasil. Braz. J. Bot. 26(1): 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042003000100007
Callado, C.H. (1993) Anatomia foliar de Eugenia cuprea (Berg) NDZ. e Marlierea suaveolens Gard. (Myrtaceae). Rodriguésia 45/49(71-75): 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860199319974549717503
Cardoso, C.M.V. & Sajo, M.G. (2004) Vascularização foliar e a identificação de espécies de Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tibagi, PR. Braz. J. Bot. 27(1): 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042004000100006
Cardoso C.M.V., Proença S.L., Sajo M.G. (2009) Foliar anatomy of the subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 57, 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT07176
Carr, D.J., Carr, S.G.M. & Lenz, J.R. (1985) Oriented arrays of epicuticular wax plates in Eucalyptus species. Protoplasma 124: 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01290771
Donato, A.M. & Morretes, B.L. (2007) Anatomia foliar de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) proveniente de áreas de restinga e de floresta. Rev. bras. farmacogn. 17(3): 426-443. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000300018
Donato, A.M. & Morretes, B.L. (2011) Morfo-anatomia foliar de Myrcia multiflora (Lam.) DC. - Myrtaceae. Rev. bras. plantas med. 13(1): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722011000100007
Esau, K. (1960) Anatomy of seed plants. Wiley; 2nd edition, 576 pp.
Esposito-Polesi, N.P.; Rodrigues, R.R.; Almeida, M. (2011) Anatomia ecológica da folha de Eugenia glazioviana Kiaersk (Myrtaceae). Rev. Árvore 35(2): 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622011000200010
Evert, R.F. (2013) Anatomia das plantas de Esau: meristemas, células e tecidos do corpo da planta: sua estrutura, função e desenvolvimento. São Paulo: Blucher, 728 pp.
Fontenelle, G.B.; Gomes, D.M.S.; Machado, R.D. (1993) Anatomia foliar de Gomidesia martiana Berg e Gomidesia fenzliana Berg (Myrtaceae). Rev. Bras. Bot. 16(1): 17-30.
Gomes-Bezerra, K.M. (2013) Estudos taxonômicos e anatômicos dos gêneros Calyptranthes Sw., Marlierea Cambess., Myrceugenia O.Berg e Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia (O.Berg) Griseb. (Myrtaceae) no Distrito Federal. Tese (Doutorado) - Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Gomes, D.M.S. & Neves, L.J. (1993) Anatomia foliar de Gomidesia spectabilis (DC) Berg, e Gomidesia nitida (Vell.) Legr. (Myrtaceae). Rodriguésia 45/49(71-75): 51-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860199319974549717505
Gomes, S.M.; Somavilla, N.S.D.N.; Gomes-Bezerra, K.M.; Miranda, S.C.; Carvalho, P.S.; Graciano-Ribeiro, D. (2009) Anatomia foliar de espécies de Myrtaceae: contribuições à taxonomia e filogenia. Acta Bot. Bras. 23(1): 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062009000100024
Gul, S.; Ahmad, M.; Zafar, M.; Bahadur, S.; Sultana, S.; Ashfaq, S.; Ullah, F.; Kilic, O.; Hassan, F.; Siddiq, Z. (2019) Foliar epidermal anatomy of Lamiaceae with special emphasis on their trichomes diversity using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 82(3):206-223. doi: 10.1002/jemt.23157.
Hallam, N.D. (1970). Growth and Regeneration of Waxes on the Leaves of Eucalyptus. Planta – Springer Nature, 93(3): 257–68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23368780.
Hallam, N.D. & Chambers, T.C. (1970) The leaf waxes of the genus Eucalyptus L'Héritier. Australian Journal of Botany 18: 335-386. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9700335
Johnson, C.T. (1980) The Leaf Anatomy of Leptospermum Forst. (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 28: 77-104. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9800077
Jorge, U.I.F.; Aguiar, J.P.L.; Silva, M.L.P. (2000) Anatomia foliar de pedra-hume-caá (Myrcia sphaerocarpa, Myrcia guianensis, Eugenia punicifolia - Myrtaceae). Acta Amaz. 30(1): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922000301057
Landrum, L.R. & Kawasaki, M.L. (1997) The genera of Myrtaceae in Brazil: an illustrated synoptic treatment and identification keys. Brittonia 49: 508–536. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807742
Lannoy, L.C.; Goldenberg, R.; Lima, D.F. (2019) Taxonomic rearrangements and typification in Myrcia sect. Tomentosae (Myrteae, Myrtaceae). Phytotaxa 404(3): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.404.3.3
Larocca, D.G.; Tiago, A.V.; Veiga, J.B.; Tiago, P.V.; Silva, I.V. (2015). Morfoanatomia de Myrcia splendens (SW.) DC. (Myrtaceae) ocorrente em um encrave de Savana Amazônica. Enciclopédia Biosfera 11(21): 2308-2318.
Lemos, V.O.T.; Lucena, E.M.P.; Bonilla, O.H.; Edson-Chaves, B; Freitas, M.A. (2020) Anatomia ecológica foliar de Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. na restinga cearense. Ciênc. Florest. 30(2): 307-322. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509830997
Lima, D.F. (2017) Estudos filogenéticos e taxonômicos em Myrcia DC. sensu lato (Myrtaceae), com ênfase no clado Guianensis. Tese (Doutorado) - Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas. 334 pp. https://doi.org/10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2017.994247
Lucas, E.J.; Matsumoto, K.; Harris, S.A.; Lughadha, E.M.N.; Benardini, B.; Chase, M.W. (2011) Phylogenetics, morphology, and evolution of the large genus Myrcia s.l. (Myrtaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 915-934. https://doi.org/10.1086/660913
Lucas, E.J.; Amorim, B.S.; Lima, D.F.; Lima-Lourenço, A.R.; Lughadha, E.M.N.; Proença, C.E.B.; Rosa, P.O.; Rosário, A.S.; Santos, L.L.; Santos, M.F. (2018) A new infra-generic classification of the species-rich Neotropical genus Myrcia s.l. Kew Bull 73(9) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9730-5
Machado, R.D.; Costa, C.G.; Fontenelle, G.B. (1987) Anatomia foliar de Eugenia sulcata Spring ex Mart. (Myrtaceae). Acta Bot. Bras. 1(2 suppl. 1): 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33061987000300026
McVaugh, R. (1958) Myrtaceae. In: Maguire, B., Wurdack, J.J. (Co-ord.), The botany of the Guayana Highland – Part III. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 10: 62–91.
McVaugh, R. (1969) Myrtaceae. In: Maguire, B., Wurdack, J.J. (Co-ord.), The botany of the Guayana Highland – Part VIII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 18: 55–286.
Metcalfe, CR & Chalk, L n.d., Anatomy of the dicotyledons: leaves, stem and wood in relation to taxonomy with notes on economic uses, 1st ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford., v.1, p. 121-131.
Oliveira, M.I.U.; Rebouças, D.A.; Leite, K.R.B.; Oliveira, R.P.; Lunch, L.G. (2018) Can leaf morphology and anatomy contribute to species delimitation? A case in the Campomanesia xanthocarpa complex (Myrtaceae), Flora, 249: 111-123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2018.10.004.
POWO (2024) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/ Retrieved 2 December 2024).
Retamales, H.A. & Scharaschkin, T. (2015) Comparative leaf anatomy and micromorphology of the Chilean Myrtaceae: Taxonomic and ecological implications. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 217: 138-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2015.10.005.
Salatino, A.; Montenegro, G.; Salatino, M.L.F. (1987) Microscopia eletrônica de varredura de superfícies foliares de espécies lenhosas do Cerrado. Rev. Bras. Bot., 9: 117-24.
Salgueirinho, T.F.S. (2020) Revisão taxonômica de Myrcia sect. Reticulosae (Myrtaceae). Dissertação (Mestrado) - Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. 228 pp.
Santos, M.F.; Lucas, E.; Sano, P.T. (2018) A taxonomic monograph of Myrcia sect. Sympodiomyrcia. Phytotaxa 380(1): 1-114. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.380.1.1
Santos, M.F., Amorim, B.S., Burton, G.P., Faria, J.E., Fernandes, T., Flickinger, J.A., Gaem, P.H., Landrum, L.R., Lima, D.F., Proença, C.E., Rosa, P.O., Lima-Dos-Santos, L., Setubal, R.B., Stadnik, A.M., Staggemeier, V.G., Vasconcelos, T.N. & Lucas, E.J. (2024) A taxonomic account of Myrciinae (Myrteae, Myrtaceae): generic and sectional placement of forgotten species and a list of all accepted species. Phytotaxa 674 (2): 129–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.674.2.1
Santos, M.F.; Amorim, B.S.; Burton, G.P.; Fernandes, T.; Gaem, P.H.; Lourenço, A.R.L.; Lima, D.F.; Rosa, P.O.; Santos, L.L.D.; Staggemeier, V.G.; Vasconcelos, T.N.C.; Lucas, E.J. (2025) Myrcia in Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: <https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB10660>. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
Silveira, M. (1989) O preparo de amostras biológicas para microscopia eletrônica de varredura. In: de Souza, W. (ed.) Manual sobre técnicas básicas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Sociedade Brasileira de Microscopia Eletrônica 1: 71–82.
Souza, M.A.D. (2015) Estudos em Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) na Amazônia Central: Taxonomia com o uso de Ferramentas Morfoanatômicas. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA / Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, Manaus. 223 pp.
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, Chase, M.W.; Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Fay, M.F.; Byng, J.W.; Judd, W.S.; Soltis, D.E.; Mabberley, D.J.; Sennikov, A.N.; Soltis, P.S. & Stevens, P.F. (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 181 (1): 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Thiers, B.M. (updated continuously). Index Herbariorum. https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ Retrieved 2 December 2024).
Vasconcelos, T.N.C.; Proença, C.E.B.; Ahmad, B.; Aguilar, D.S.; Aguilar, R.; Amorim, B.S.; Campbell, K.; Costa, I.R.; De-Carvalho, P.S.; Faria, J.E.Q.; Giaretta, A.; Kooij, P.W.; Lima, D.F.; Mazine, F.F.; Peguero, B.; Prenner, G.; Santos, M.F.; Soewarto, J.; Wingler, A.; Lucas, E.J. (2017) Myrteae phylogeny, calibration, biogeography and diversification patterns: Increased understanding in the most species rich tribe of Myrtaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 113-137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.002.
Wagner, M.A.; Lucas, E.J.; Soffiatii, P.; Cabral, W.S.; Portella, P.R.; Fiaschi, P. (2023) Leaf morphology and anatomy in Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia (Myrtaceae): species circumscription and characterization of clades. Botany. 101(11): 513-531. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2023-0038.
Werker, E. (2000) Trichome diversity and development. Advances in Botanical Research, Academic Press. 31: 1-35 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2296(00)31005-9.
Wilson, P.G. (2011) Myrtaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht, London, New York, pp. 212–271.
Wurdack, J.J. 1962. Melastomataceae of Santa Catarina. Sellowia 14: 109-217.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Lucas Herberts-Sousa, Anelise Gabriela Grotto, Duane Fernandes Lima, Eve J. Lucas, Fernanda Maria Cordeiro Oliveira

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Ao fazer a submissão, os autores declaram não ter submetido o trabalho a outra revista e concordam em ter seu artigo publicado sob Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional BY (CC BY 4.0), que significa que os autores mantêm a propriedade dos direitos autorais, mas qualquer pessoa pode usar o conteúdo publicado, desde que os autores originais e a fonte sejam citados. O conteúdo científico, ortográfico e gramatical é de total responsabilidade dos autores.